乙肝及 丙肝基本概况

乙肝病毒感染(HBV)

  • 全球约有20亿乙肝病毒(HBV)携带者。由该病毒所致之急性或慢性肝病,平均每年夺取约60万人生命
  • 于乙肝病毒携带者中,慢性乙肝感染群(终身携带)超过3.5亿,而其中75%生活在亚洲
  • 由乙型肝炎病毒所致之 肝癌系男性三大癌症杀手之一,同时亦为女性肝癌主要成因之一
  • 中国及一些其它亚洲地区 为乙肝病毒高感染区,该地区多数人群儿童期便已感染,而成人慢性乙肝病毒整体感染率更高达8%~10%
  • 乙肝可以经安全有效之疫苗进行防预。乙肝病毒疫苗于1982年诞生,成为首例能有效预防人类癌症之疫苗
  • 乙肝病毒疫苗可有效预防(95%)HBV感染及其所致致慢性病症,但对于已染人群并无治疗效果
  • 若于儿童期受病毒感染,则可致90%婴儿及30%儿童患慢性肝炎
  • 于初期,即便肝脏已受病毒攻击,乙肝患者往往并无表面病征。固晚期乙肝患者常伴肝癌高发
  • 乙肝病毒携带者需定期随访检测。于疾病特定阶段可进行目的性治疗以降低血液病毒含量并预防肝病进展
  • 而疏于治疗则可致约25%儿童病毒携带者于成年后进展为肝癌和/或肝硬化
  • 乙肝病毒传染性比艾滋病病毒(HIV)高出50~100倍
  • 乙肝病毒已成为一种职业危害

丙肝病毒感染(HCV)

  • 全球范围内,每年约300~400万人感染丙肝病毒,而由该病毒所致之疾病则夺取超过35万人之生命。其中约200万感染病例系由非安全注射所致
  • 全球范围内,约1.3~1.7亿人终身携带丙肝病毒,其发展为肝硬化及肝癌概率不容乐观
  • 数据调查显示约60%~70%丙肝病毒携带者会发展为慢性肝病,其中5%~20%患者则进展为肝硬化,导致1%~5%患者最终死于肝硬化及肝癌
  • 目前并无丙肝预防疫苗问世,但约80%患者可经有效针对性治疗而获痊愈
  • 丙肝病毒最常见传播途径系与接触受感染之血液。例如:接受被感染者输血,血制品或者器官移植;使用感染注射针器或针头;新生儿母亲为丙肝病毒携带者。丙型肝炎病毒极少经性行为传播,而日常生活中即使接触被感染者血液污染之生活用品,感染该病毒概率亦较低
  • 急性丙肝感染初期常无症状,症状发展亦较缓慢,固多数患者于感染后数年甚至数十年才获确诊
  • 据预计,若缺乏有效治疗,自2006~2015年间,慢性丙肝病毒携带者,肝脏疾病或肝硬化患者人数约增长38%
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病毒性肝炎所致之全球性健康危害

CEVHAP主席陈定信教授

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