丙肝病毒（HCV）
慢性丙肝系由丙肝病毒所致，该病毒亦造成肝脏严重损坏。丙肝病毒感染肝细胞引发肝脏炎症，并导致其它长期并发症。9 丙肝病毒感染于全球范围内极常见，据估计世界约3%人口感染丙肝病毒。
急性与慢性
丙肝感染初期常表现为急性感染症状，其后逐步转为慢性感染。约15％至45％的患者在初期可以完全清除病毒11，然而剩下的55％至85％的急性丙型肝炎患者则会进一步发展成严重肝病，包括肝硬化和肝癌。
传播
丙型肝炎病毒常藉血液传播，如共享针头或其它药物注射设备与。亦可由输血，器官移植（目前较罕见）及受污染之医疗器械导致。
症状
多数患者无症状，故病毒较易传播传播。症状通常始于感染后两周至六个月间。表现为发热，疲劳，食欲不振，恶心，呕吐，腹痛，尿色深，陶土色大便，关节疼痛及黄疸。
诊断及治疗
诊断丙肝需特定血液检测，一般不包括于常规体检项目中。筛检通常检测丙肝抗体，若经发现则需血液复检以确定病毒是否已被清除或已发展为慢性感染。 急性丙肝患者因无症状则通常不予治疗。慢性丙肝患者主要应用抗病毒药物进行治疗。因目前尚无丙肝疫苗，固预防丙肝最好途径为切断其传播途径，特别系杜绝共享药物注射设备。
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全球约有20亿乙肝病毒（HBV）携带者。如果未经有效治疗，患慢性丙肝及其他目前并无丙肝预防疫苗问世，但约80%
